Modern Topics

Bronchiectasis is a chronic suppurative airway infection resulting in irreversible abnormal dilatation of bronchi with production of foul smelling sputum and progressive scarring and damage of the lungs. Aetiology: a) Congenital: Due to defective airway ion transport or ciliary functions. Examples:• Cystic fibrosis• Ciliary dysfunction syndromes (Immotile ciliary syndrome, Kartagener’s…

Puerperium is the time period after delivery during which reproductive organs of mother in pregnancy comes back to the non pregnant state. Time period of this puerperium is about 6 weeks. Both physiological and anatomical changes during pregnancy comes back to non pregnant state of the lady. Puerperal changes occur…

Physiologically during pregnancy insulin resistance increases which is maximum at 24 weeks of pregnancy. This occurs due to hormones like estrogen, progesterone, cortisol, prolactin and human placental lactogen(HPL). This increase in insulin resistance causes postprandial hyperglycemia which gets diverted to the fetus. Increase in insulin resistance causing hyperinsulinemia causes fat…

Antenatal care is the routine control of pregnant women. Antenatal care is essential for the well being of pregnant lady and the fetus. Antenatal care is started before 12 weeks of gestation (known as early gestational period). It is done for screening both mother and the child to determine the…

Gilbert’s Syndrome pronounced as zheel-BAYRS syndrome is quiet common congenital disease which is harmless liver condition. In this condition liver doesn’t properly process bilirubin. It’s diagnosis is generally accidentally/incidental.In this condition patient complains of jaundice we check for the cause of jaundice but no any cause is found i.e it…