At the time of clinical practice, it is quite difficult to use the whole anatomical name of a tooth like PERMANENT MAXILLARY RIGHT CENTRAL INCISOR. To avoid this difficulties, there introduced some SHORT HAND SYSTEM of notation. There are many short hand system of notation.
These are as follows :-
THE DANE OR HADERUP SYSTEM
THE REVERSE NUMERATION SYSTEM
THE LATIN NUMERAL SYSTEM
THE METCALF SYSTEM
THE BOSWORTH SYSTEM
THE CROW SYSTEM
THE US ARMY SYSTEM
THE US NAVY SYSTEM
THE LOWLANDS SYSTEM
THE FRENCH SYSTEM
But the most considered tooth numbering systems are ZSIGMONDY/PALMER NOTATION, UNIVERSAL SYSTEM OF NOTATION, and FDI SYSTEM OF NOTATION.
ZSIGMONDY / PALMER NOTATION:–
This symbolic system of notation was introduced by ADOLPH ZSIGMONDY of VIENNA in 1861. It is referred to as the PALMER NOTATION SYSTEM in the United States or ZSIGMONDY / PALMER NOTATION SYSTEM. According to this system the arches are divided into 4 different quadrants. The horizontal line divides to form the maxillary and mandibular parts and the vertical line divides to form the right maxillary and right mandibular and left maxillary and left mandibular { It is also same for the other two types of system}.
For primary dentition, we use the uppercase letters from A to E from left to right in 1st quadrant and right to left in 2nd quadrant in the maxillary part; from right to left in 3rd quadrant and from left to right in 4th quadrant in the mandibular part.
For example –
For permanent dentition, we use the numbers from 1 to 8 from left to right in 1st quadrant and right to left in 2nd quadrant in the maxillary part ; from right to left in 3rd quadrant and from left to right in 4th quadrant in the mandibular part.
For example –
UNIVERSAL SYSTEM OF NOTATION:-
For primary dentition, we use the uppercase letters for each of the primary tooth. For the maxillary teeth, we use the letters starting from A which denotes primary maxillary right 2nd molar and ends at J which denotes primary maxillary left 2nd molar. For the mandibular teeth, we use the letters starting from K which denotes the primary mandibular left 2nd molar and ends at T which denotes the primary mandibular right 2nd molar.
For permanent dentition, we use the numbers for each of the primary tooth. For the maxillary teeth, we use the number starting from 1 which denotes permanent mandibular right 3rd molar and ends at 16 which denotes permanent mandibular left 3rd molar. For the mandibular teeth, we use the number starting from 17 which denotes permanent mandibular left 3rd molar and ends at 32 which denote permanent mandibular right 3rd molar.
FDI SYSTEM OF NOTATION:-
It is the 2 digit system of notation. It was proposed by FEDERATION DENTAIRE INTERNATIONALE. This system is applicable for both primary and secondary dentition. This system is adopted by many organizations such as WHO and IADR [International Association for Dental Research].
For primary teeth, in the right maxillary teeth we start from 51 and ends at 55 from left to right. In the left maxillary teeth we start from 61 and ends at 65 from right to left. In the left mandibular teeth we start from 71 and ends at 75 from right to left. In the right mandibular teeth we start from 81 and ends at 85 from left to right. Here 5 , 6, 7, 8 denotes the right maxillary , left maxillary, left mandibular, right mandibular and the numbers from 1 to 5 denotes the tooth number.
For permanent dentition, in the right maxillary teeth we start from 11 and ends at 18 from left to right. In the left maxillary teeth we start from 21 and ends at 28 from right to left. In the left mandibular teeth we start from 31 and ends at 38 from right to left. In the right mandibular teeth we start from 41 and ends at 48. Here 1 , 2, 3, 4 denotes the right maxillary , left maxillary , left mandibular and right mandibular and the numbers from 1 to 8 denotes the tooth number.
For example –
16 – Permanent maxillary right 1st molar
34- Permanent mandibular left 1st premolar
61- Primary maxillary left central incisor
82- Primary mandibular right lateral incisor
Contributor- MEDICO ABINASH JENA
