P/D- Sulfonamides stops PABA synthesis,which is required for the Folic acid synthesis of bacteria.Now as these drugs stops PABA synthesis which causes stoppage of folic acid synthesis so the bacteria fails to makes it’s DNA due to which bacteria can’t multiply.Hence they are Bacteriostatic drugs.
Sulfonamides are synthetic drugs that are made from some dyes.They are also called as sulfa drugs
Adverse effects:-
1) May cause Skin rashes
2) May cause Pruritis
3) In severe cases may cause Steven johnson syndrome
4) May cause Renal injury
5) Food interferes with absorption of sulfonamides,so shouldn’t be taken with or after food.
6) As it has special affinity with RBCs so if the G6PD enzyme is defficient in any person then sulfonamides will cause hemolysis of RBCs.As we know the RBC uses glucose from blood and with the help of G6PD enzyme it makes glutathione which is responsible for protection of RBC.So,if G6PD is less then sulfonamides may cause damage to RBCs.
7)May sometime cause Hemoglobinuria
Contraindications:-
•In pregnant ladies
•In breast feeding mother’s
•Person who is allergic to sulfa drugs
Drugs under sulfonamides:-
1) Sulfadiazine- It is used as prophylaxis of rheumatic fever (given as OD in children)It is used in pyoderma UTI,etc.Sulfadiazine along with pyremethamine (it is an anti parasitic drug) is used in toxoplasmosis (by toxoplasma gondi)
2) Silver Sulfadiazine- Used in burn/ trauma.It is applied locally
3) Sulfadoxine- Sulfadoxine along with pyremethamine is used as anti malarial drug.
4) Sulfacetamide- It is used as eye drop in Trachoma ( caused by Chlamydia trachomatis)
5) Sulfaguanidine- Used in intestinal infection
6) Sulfasalazine- Used mainly in inflammatory bowel disease
We must keep in mind that bacteria gains resistance against drugs so the antibacterial drugs should be used according to the senstivity of bacteria.
PABA – Para-aminobenzoic acid
G6PD- Glucose-6-phosphate-dehydrogenase
Contributor- Medico Anant Singh Nanda
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Nice effect 👍